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white dog cartoon character with red collar - The local dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a member of genus Canis (canines) that forms part of the wolf-like canids, and it is the most numerous carnivore greatly. Your dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves which were first domesticated. Your dog was the first domesticated species and has been bred over millennia for various behaviors selectively, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.
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Their long association with humans has led dogs to be exclusively attuned to human being behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that might be insufficient for other canid types. Dogs vary in form widely, size and colours. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This effect on human world has given them the sobriquet "man's best ally".

The word "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral types. The English expression dog originates from Middle British dogge, from Old British docga, a "powerful dog breed". The word may derive from Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The term also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga seen in frogga "frog" also, picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", amongst others. The term dog may derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary ultimately.In 14th-century Britain, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all local canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". With the 16th hundred years, dog had end up being the general expression, and hound possessed begun to refer only to types used for hunting.[ The word "hound" is finally derived from the Proto-Indo-European phrase *kwon-, "dog". This semantic shift may be compared to in German, where the matching words Dogge and Hund placed their original meanings.A male canine is referred to as a puppy, while a female is called a bitch. The paternalfather of a litter is named the sire, and the mom is named the dam. (Midsection English bicche, from Old English bicce, in the end from Old Norse bikkja) The process of labor and birth is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp; the present day English expression "whelp" can be an different term for puppy dog. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one beginning that happen to be called pups or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which includes substituted the aged term "whelp" typically.The dog is classified as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Species Concept and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Kinds Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus posted in Systema Naturae a categorization of kinds which included the Canis varieties. Canis is a Latin term meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the home dog, wolves, jackals and foxes. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next web page the wolf was registered by him as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at lowering the number of recognized Canis types suggested that "Canis dingo is currently generally seen as a distinctive feral domestic dog. Canis familiaris can be used for domestic canines, although taxonomically it should oftimes be synonymous with Canis lupus." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the planet listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has webpage goal over Canis lupus, but both were published all together in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which averted classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is now listed among the countless other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wildlife and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the methodical name of the outdoors canine. In 2005, the third release of Mammal Kinds of the planet upheld Point of view 2027 with the name Lupus and the notice: "Includes the home dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally separate - man-made variants created by domestication and selective breeding". However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a decision concerning which name they could use, and lots of recognized experts would rather use Canis familiaris internationally.