Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to prosper on a starch-rich diet that might be inadequate for other canid types. Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colours. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This influence on human modern culture has given them the sobriquet "man's best ally".
The term "domestic dog" is normally used for both domesticated and feral kinds. The English phrase dog comes from Middle British dogge, from Old British docga, a "powerful dog". The word may derive from Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The term also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", amongst others. The term dog may derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary ultimately.In 14th-century Great britain, hound (from Old British: hund) was the overall word for all domestic canines, and dog described a subtype of hound, a mixed group like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". With the 16th hundred years, dog had become the general expression, and hound possessed begun to refer only to types used for hunting.[ The word "hound" is eventually produced from the Proto-Indo-European term *kwon-, "dog". This semantic change may be in comparison to in German, where the related words Dogge and Hund stored their original meanings.A male canine is referred to as a puppy, while a female is called a bitch. The daddy of the litter is called the sire, and the mother is named the dam. (Middle British bicche, from Old English bicce, finally from Old Norse bikkja) The procedure of delivery is whelping, from the Old British word hwelp; the present day English term "whelp" can be an alternate term for puppy. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one birth which are called pet dogs or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which has usually replaced the more mature term "whelp".Your dog is categorised as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Species Theory and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Types Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus publicized in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin phrase so this means dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the home dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On another page the wolf was saved by him as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, an assessment aimed at lowering the number of recognized Canis types proposed that "Canis dingo is currently generally regarded as a distinctive feral home dog. Canis familiaris can be used for domestic canines, though it should oftimes be synonymous with Canis lupus taxonomically." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the planet listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page goal over Canis lupus, but both were shared simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which prevented classifying the wolf as the grouped family dog. The dog is now listed among the countless other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Thoughts and opinions 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then your scientific name of this kinds is the methodical name of the untamed dog. In 2005, the third model of Mammal Types of the globe upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the word: "Includes the local dog as a subspecies, with the dingo split - artificial variants created by domestication and selective mating" provisionally. However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a choice concerning which name they could use, and a number of internationally recognized researchers opt to use Canis familiaris.
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