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white dog cartoon character with red collar - The home dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is an associate of genus Canis (canines) that sorts area of the wolf-like canids, and is also the most abundant carnivore broadly. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated. The dog was the first domesticated species and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Their long relationship with humans has led puppies to be uniquely attuned to individual behavior and they are able to prosper on a starch-rich diet that would be insufficient for other canid kinds. Dogs vary widely in shape, colours and size. Dogs perform many roles for folks, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human culture has given them the sobriquet "man's closest friend".

The word "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral kinds. The English phrase dog comes from Middle British dogge, from Old British docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may are based on Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also observed in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", amongst others. The term dog may eventually derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.In 14th-century Britain, hound (from Old British: hund) was the overall word for those domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, an organization like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By 16th century, dog had end up being the general word, and hound had begun to send and then types used for hunting.[ The word "hound" is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European expression *kwon-, "dog". This semantic change might be in comparison to in German, where the related words Dogge and Hund maintained their original meanings.A male canine is referred to as your dog, while a lady is called a bitch. The daddy of an litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. (Midsection English bicche, from Old British bicce, in the end from Old Norse bikkja) The process of beginning is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp; the present day English word "whelp" is an alternative term for puppy. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one birth that happen to be called puppies or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which includes replaced the more aged term "whelp" mainly.Your dog is classified as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Varieties Principle and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Species Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus posted in Systema Naturae a categorization of species including the Canis kinds. Canis is a Latin phrase meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the home dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next site he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at lowering the number of recognized Canis types suggested that "Canis dingo is currently generally seen as a distinctive feral home dog. Canis familiaris can be used for domestic puppies, although taxonomically it should oftimes be synonymous with Canis lupus." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the planet listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were published all together in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is currently listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its View 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are thought to be one species, then the scientific name of that types is the medical name of the outdoors pet. In 2005, the 3rd model of Mammal Types of the planet upheld Point of view 2027 with the name Lupus and the note: "Includes the home dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally different - man-made variations created by domestication and selective breeding". However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to a continuing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a decision as to which name they might use, and lots of internationally recognized researchers want to use Canis familiaris.

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