Their long relationship with humans has led dogs to be exclusively attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on the starch-rich diet that might be limited for other canid varieties. Dogs vary in shape widely, size and colours. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This influence on human modern culture has given them the sobriquet "man's best friend".
The word "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral types. The English expression dog comes from Middle British dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may derive from Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga seen in frogga "frog" also, picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", among others. The term dog may derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary ultimately.In 14th-century Britain, hound (from Old British: hund) was the general word for everyone domestic canines, and dog described a subtype of hound, a blended group like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By 16th hundred years, dog had end up being the general phrase, and hound had begun to refer only to types used for hunting.[ The word "hound" is in the end derived from the Proto-Indo-European phrase *kwon-, "dog". This semantic shift might be in comparison to in German, where the equivalent words Dogge and Hund placed their original meanings.A male canine is known as a puppy, while a female is named a bitch. The daddy of a litter is called the sire, and the mom is called the dam. (Middle English bicche, from Old British bicce, finally from Old Norse bikkja) The process of beginning is whelping, from the Old British word hwelp; the modern English word "whelp" can be an different term for puppy. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one delivery which are called young puppies or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which includes largely replaced the older term "whelp".Your dog is categorized as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Species Idea and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Kinds Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus printed in Systema Naturae a categorization of types including the Canis varieties. Canis is a Latin expression so this means dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. Your dog was classified as Canis familiaris, this means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next webpage the wolf was saved by him as Canis lupus, this means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at minimizing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that "Canis dingo is currently generally regarded as a distinctive feral home dog. Canis familiaris can be used for domestic pups, though it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus taxonomically." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the planet listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has webpage concern over Canis lupus, but both were shared simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which prevented classifying the wolf as the grouped family dog. The dog is currently listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its View 2027 that if wildlife and their domesticated derivatives are thought to be one species, then the scientific name of that varieties is the technological name of the outrageous animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Kinds of the globe upheld View 2027 with the name Lupus and the word: "Includes the domestic dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally different - man-made variants created by domestication and selective breeding". However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a choice concerning which name they could use, and a number of internationally recognized researchers opt to use Canis familiaris.
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