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white dog cartoon character with red collar - The home dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a member of genus Canis (canines) that forms part of the wolf-like canids, and it is the most considerable carnivore greatly. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves which were first domesticated. The dog was the first domesticated species and has been bred over millennia for various behaviors selectively, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Their long connection with humans has led dogs to be exclusively attuned to real human behavior and they are able to prosper over a starch-rich diet that would be insufficient for other canid types. Dogs vary in shape widely, colours and size. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This effect on human society has given them the sobriquet "man's best ally".

The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral kinds. The English expression dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old British docga, a "powerful dog breed". The word may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The term also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also observed in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", amongst others. The term dog may in the end derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.In 14th-century Great britain, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all those domestic canines, and dog described a subtype of hound, a mixed group like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th hundred years, dog had end up being the general term, and hound got begun to send and then types used for hunting.[ The term "hound" is finally derived from the Proto-Indo-European phrase *kwon-, "dog". This semantic change may be in comparison to in German, where the equivalent words Dogge and Hund maintained their original meanings.A male canine is known as a dog, while a female is called a bitch. The daddy of an litter is named the sire, and the mom is named the dam. (Middle British bicche, from Old British bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja) The process of birth is whelping, from the Old British word hwelp; the modern English phrase "whelp" is an alternative term for puppy dog. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one birth that are called pups or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which includes substituted the old term "whelp" usually.The dog is classified as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Varieties Notion and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Varieties Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus printed in Systema Naturae a categorization of varieties which included the Canis varieties. Canis is a Latin word interpretation dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, jackals and foxes. Your dog was classified as Canis familiaris, this means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On another webpage he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, this means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, an assessment aimed at minimizing the number of recognized Canis kinds suggested that "Canis dingo is now generally seen as a distinctive feral home dog. Canis familiaris is employed for domestic pet dogs, although it should oftimes be synonymous with Canis lupus taxonomically." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the earth listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page goal over Canis lupus, but both were printed concurrently in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which averted classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is currently listed among the countless other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Judgment 2027 that if wildlife and their domesticated derivatives are thought to be one species, then your scientific name of that kinds is the medical name of the wild pet. In 2005, the third model of Mammal Varieties of the earth upheld View 2027 with the name Lupus and the take note of: "Includes the domestic dog as a subspecies, with the dingo distinct - unnatural variations created by domestication and selective mating" provisionally. However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a choice as to which name they could use, and lots of internationally recognized researchers would rather use Canis familiaris.