Their long association with humans has led canines to be uniquely attuned to human being behavior and they are able to prosper over a starch-rich diet that would be limited for other canid species. Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colours. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human contemporary society has given them the sobriquet "man's best friend".
The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral types. The English phrase dog comes from Middle British dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The word may are based on Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The term also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga seen in frogga "frog" also, picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", amongst others. The term dog may finally derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.In 14th-century Great britain, hound (from Old British: hund) was the general word for those domestic canines, and dog described a subtype of hound, a group like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". From the 16th hundred years, dog had become the general word, and hound acquired begun to refer only to types used for hunting.[ The term "hound" is eventually derived from the Proto-Indo-European phrase *kwon-, "dog". This semantic transfer may be in comparison to in German, where the corresponding words Dogge and Hund kept their original meanings.A male canine is referred to as your dog, while a lady is named a bitch. The father of an litter is called the sire, and the mother is named the dam. (Middle English bicche, from Old British bicce, eventually from Old Norse bikkja) The process of delivery is whelping, from the Old British word hwelp; the present day English phrase "whelp" can be an alternate term for doggy. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one birth which can be called young dogs or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which has substituted the more mature term "whelp" largely.The dog is categorised as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Types Notion and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Varieties Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus printed in Systema Naturae a categorization of varieties which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word interpretation dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the local dog, wolves, jackals and foxes. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On another webpage he registered the wolf as Canis lupus, this means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, an assessment aimed at lowering the amount of recognized Canis kinds proposed that "Canis dingo is currently generally regarded as a distinctive feral local dog. Canis familiaris can be used for domestic canines, though it should probably be associated with Canis lupus taxonomically." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the entire world listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were printed simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used because of this species", which prevented classifying the wolf as the grouped family dog. The dog is now listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Thoughts and opinions 2027 that if wildlife and their domesticated derivatives are thought to be one species, then your scientific name of that varieties is the scientific name of the outrageous canine. In 2005, the 3rd release of Mammal Species of the globe upheld Thoughts and opinions 2027 with the name Lupus and the notice: "Includes the home dog as a subspecies, with the dingo different - man-made variations created by domestication and selective mating" provisionally. However, Canis familiaris may also be used due to a continuing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a selection concerning which name they could use, and a number of recognized research workers want to use Canis familiaris internationally.
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