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white dog cartoon character with red collar - The home dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a member of genus Canis (canines) that sorts part of the wolf-like canids, and is also the most abundant carnivore generally. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves which were first domesticated. The dog was the first domesticated species and has been bred over millennia for various behaviors selectively, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Their long connection with humans has led pet dogs to be distinctively attuned to individuals behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be limited for other canid types. Dogs vary in shape widely, size and colours. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This affect on human society has given them the sobriquet "man's closest friend".

The word "domestic dog" is normally used for both domesticated and feral types. The English expression dog comes from Middle British dogge, from Old British docga, a "powerful dog breed". The word may possibly are based on Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The term also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", amongst others. The term dog may finally derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.In 14th-century Great britain, hound (from Old English: hund) was the overall word for everyone local canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, an organization like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By 16th hundred years, dog had end up being the general word, and hound experienced begun to refer only to types used for hunting.[ The term "hound" is eventually produced from the Proto-Indo-European phrase *kwon-, "dog". This semantic move may be compared to in German, where the matching words Dogge and Hund held their original meanings.A male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch. The father of your litter is named the sire, and the mother is named the dam. (Middle English bicche, from Old British bicce, in the end from Old Norse bikkja) The procedure of labor and birth is whelping, from the Old British word hwelp; the present day English phrase "whelp" is an alternative term for doggy. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one delivery that happen to be called young puppies or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which includes typically changed the older term "whelp".Your dog is categorized as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Species Theory and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Varieties Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus printed in Systema Naturae a categorization of types including the Canis varieties. Canis is a Latin expression meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the local dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, this means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next page the wolf was saved by him as Canis lupus, this means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, an assessment aimed at lowering the number of recognized Canis kinds proposed that "Canis dingo is currently generally seen as a distinctive feral local dog. Canis familiaris is utilized for domestic pet dogs, though it should probably be associated with Canis lupus taxonomically." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page concern over Canis lupus, but both were published all together in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is currently listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Point of view 2027 that if wildlife and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of this types is the scientific name of the outrageous animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Kinds of the World upheld Thoughts and opinions 2027 with the name Lupus and the be aware: "Includes the home dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally split - manufactured variants created by domestication and selective breeding". However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to a continuing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a decision as to which name they might use, and lots of internationally recognized researchers would prefer to use Canis familiaris.

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