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white dog cartoon character with red collar - The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a member of genus Canis (canines) that forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is also the most considerable carnivore generally. Your dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not related to the wolves that were first domesticated directly. The dog was the first domesticated species and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Their long association with humans has led canines to be uniquely attuned to real human behavior and they are able to prosper over a starch-rich diet that might be limited for other canid species. Dogs vary widely in shape, colours and size. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This influence on human culture has given them the sobriquet "man's best friend".

The word "domestic dog" is normally used for both domesticated and feral varieties. The English term dog originates from Middle English dogge, from Old British docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may are based on Proto-Germanic *dukk?n, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The term also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also observed in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", amongst others. The term dog may derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary ultimately.In 14th-century Great britain, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all those local canines, and dog described a subtype of hound, an organization like the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the general term, and hound experienced begun to send only to types used for hunting.[ The term "hound" is in the end derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kwon-, "dog". This semantic shift might be compared to in German, where the corresponding words Dogge and Hund held their original meanings.A male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is named a bitch. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mom is named the dam. (Midsection British bicche, from Old English bicce, eventually from Old Norse bikkja) The process of labor and birth is whelping, from the Old British word hwelp; the modern English word "whelp" can be an alternative term for dog. A litter refers to the multiple offspring at one labor and birth that are called young puppies or pups from the French poup?e, "doll", which has replaced the aged term "whelp" mostly.The dog is labeled as Canis lupus familiaris under the Biological Varieties Theory and Canis familiaris under the Evolutionary Kinds Concept.In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus publicized in Systema Naturae a categorization of varieties including the Canis varieties. Canis is a Latin phrase so this means dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the local dog, wolves, jackals and foxes. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On another webpage he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at minimizing the amount of recognized Canis types proposed that "Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral local dog. Canis familiaris is utilized for domestic pet dogs, although taxonomically it should probably be associated with Canis lupus." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the entire world listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page main concern over Canis lupus, but both were posted all together in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is currently listed among the countless other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its View 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then your scientific name of that varieties is the methodical name of the wild animal. In 2005, the 3rd release of Mammal Kinds of the globe upheld Impression 2027 with the name Lupus and the take note: "Includes the domestic dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally separate - man-made variants created by domestication and selective breeding". However, Canis familiaris may also be used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users an option concerning which name they might use, and lots of known researchers want to use Canis familiaris internationally.

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